4/10/2024 0 Comments Among us svg birthdayFollowing the London and Paris Conferences, West Germany was permitted to rearm militarily, as they joined NATO in May 1955, which was, in turn, a major factor in the creation of the Soviet-dominated Warsaw Pact, delineating the two opposing sides of the Cold War. That year also saw the first major NATO maritime exercises, Exercise Mainbrace and the accession of Greece and Turkey to the organization. In 1952, the post of Secretary General of NATO was established as the organization's chief civilian. This included the formation of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in 1951, which adopted many of the Western Union's military structures and plans, including their agreements on standardizing equipment and agreements on stationing foreign military forces in European countries. The North Atlantic Treaty was largely dormant until the Korean War initiated the establishment of NATO to implement it with an integrated military structure. West Germany joined NATO in 1955, which led to the formation of the rival Warsaw Pact during the Cold War. Pearson was a key author and drafter of the treaty. These talks resulted in the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 by the member states of the Western Union plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. Talks for a wider military alliance, which could include North America, also began that month in the United States, where their foreign policy under the Truman Doctrine promoted international solidarity against actions they saw as communist aggression, such as the February 1948 coup d'état in Czechoslovakia. In March 1948, this alliance was expanded in the Treaty of Brussels to include the Benelux countries, forming the Brussels Treaty Organization, commonly known as the Western Union. The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed by France and the United Kingdom on 4 March 1947, during the aftermath of World War II and the start of the Cold War, as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance in the event of possible attacks by Germany or the Soviet Union. Main article: History of NATO 20th century Another nineteen countries are involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes with NATO. Enlargement has led to tensions with non-member Russia, one of the 18 additional countries participating in NATO's Partnership for Peace programme. In addition, NATO currently recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine as aspiring members. NATO formed with twelve founding members and has added new members ten times, most recently when Sweden joined the alliance on 7 March 2024. Moreover, members have agreed to reach or maintain the target defence spending of at least two percent of their GDP by 2024. Their combined military spending as of 2022 constituted around 55 percent of the global nominal total. All member states together cover an area of 25.07 million km² and about 966.88 million people. The alliance has increased its NATO Response Force deployments in Eastern Europe and the combined militaries of all NATO members include around 3.5 million soldiers and personnel. NATO's main headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium, while NATO's military headquarters are near Mons, Belgium. The organization's strategic concepts include deterrence. The organization's motto is animus in consulendo liber ( Latin for 'a mind unfettered in deliberation'). The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the threat posed by the Soviet Union. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO / ˈ n eɪ t oʊ/ NAY-toh French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states – 30 European and two North American.
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